備考高考英語主語從句考點的四個要點

一、弄清主語從句有哪些引導詞

可以用于引導主語從句的詞語主要有五類：連詞that和whether、連接代詞、連接副詞、關系代詞型what、關系代詞型-ever類詞——在一個句子中到底該什么樣的“引導詞”，主要根據句子意思以及句子結構來確定。如：

1. That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. 各個國家不同的時尚潮流從一個方面反映了各國之間的文化差異。

2. When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 那架延誤的班機何時起飛在很大程度上取決于天氣。

3. What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working. 我們期待你的是努力做事，而不是幾乎什么都不做。

【分析】第1句用that引導主語從句，that既不充當句子成分，也沒有具體的含義；

第2句用when引導主語從句，when在主語從句中充當時間狀語，表示“何時”；

第3句用what引導主語從句，what在主語從句中用作動詞expect的賓語，在意思上相當于the thing that。

二、弄清什么情況下使用形式主語

為避免頭重腳輕，人們通常會將主語從句置于句末，而在主語位置處使用形式主語it。如：

1. It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike. 完全不清楚總統要做什么才能結束那場罷工。

2. It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. 新形成的委員會的政策能否貫徹落實還有待被觀察。

3. It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth. 盡管盧卡斯先生擁有大量的財富，但是他過著簡樸的生活，這真是讓人難以置信。

【分析】第1句真正的主語是主語從句what the president can do to end the strike；

第2句真正的主語是主語從句whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice；

第3句真正的主語是主語從句that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth。

三、正確理解關系代詞型what引導的主語從句

what引導主語從句時有兩種意思：一是表示“什么”，此時的what為疑問代詞轉化來的連接代詞；二是表示“……的……”“……所……的”等，相當于all that, the thing that, the things that等，我們稱此時的what為關系代詞型 what。如：

1. What we do next lies with him. 我們下一步做什么要由他決定。

2. What you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 你在會上的發言為公司描述了一幅美好的前景。

3. What I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 我想告訴你的是我對我父母的深愛和尊重。

【分析】第1句中的what連接代詞，表示“什么”；第2、3句中的what為關系代詞型what，在意思上相當于the thing that。

四、正確理解關系代詞型-ever類詞引導的主語從句

這里所說的關系代詞型-ever類詞主要指whatever, whoever, whichever等詞，它們引導主語從句時的主語從句的一個明顯特點是，在意義上相當于“先行詞+關系代詞”，即 whatever=anything that，whoever=anyone who，whichever=anyone who / any…that。如：

1. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks. 剩下的任何東西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存兩三周。

2. Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. 無論誰想留在旅店都必須自己付賬。

3. Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. 你們中不論是誰打壞了玻璃窗都要賠償。

【分析】第1句中的whatever相當于anything that；

第2句中的whoever相當于anyone who；

第3 句中的 whichever相當于any…who，即Whichever one of you breaks the window相當于Any one of you who breaks the window。

【即學即練】閱讀下面句子，在括號內填入適合的單詞。

1. ________ she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.

2. ________ he has been abroad or not doesn’t make much difference.(www.dubaipaintplumbers.com)

3. ________ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

4. ________ we’ll do is to leave a note for Mum to tell her we won’t be back till late.

5. “What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game.” “It’s up to you. ________ you want to do is fine with me.” (www.yygrammar.com)

6. Everyone is equal before the law, and ________ breaks the law should be punished.

7. ________ player scores the highest number of points will be the winner.

8. It is none of your business ________ other people think about you. Believe yourself.

9. It is uncertain ________ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.(www.yywords.com)

10. It is not clear ________ some storms develop into hurricanes while others do not.

【參考答案】1. That  2. Whether  3. What  4. What  5. Whatever  6. whoever  7. Whichever  8. what  9. what  10. why