英語閱讀理解細節題答題技巧大全

本站特約作者  陳清祥

綜觀近幾年的高考英語閱讀題，盡管推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢，但細節仍然占有較大比例，而且已由過去簡單的對號入座直接答題轉向通過語句的同義或反義轉換來考查同學們對英語語言的理解能力，因此難度比往年有所增加。本文擬就細節題的不同類型談談其解題技巧。

一、語義轉換題——跳讀查找法

這是做事實細節題最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情況下，細節題主要考查考生對某句話或某幾句話的理解，同學們若能根據題干內容從原文中找到相關的句子，然后進行比較和分析，便可確定最佳答案。

運用跳讀查找法時，同學們要特別注意試題(包括選項)與原文之間的適當變換。根據近幾年的考題情況來看，現在很少有直接用原文中的句子進行考查和測試的，而通常要進行一定的處理。而這種“處理”主要就是指進行語義轉換，其中包括同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實等。請看下面的例子(重慶高考英語試題)：

“My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy,” says a second-grade teacher in Saugus, California. “Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course.” These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program(CBEP), a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading, writing and math skills, and more.

The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze(分析) the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect(建筑師) who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations. “Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom,” says the teacher who developed this program. “They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected ‘official’ and ‘planning group’ make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”

CBEP is a set of activities, games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving: observing, analyzing, working out possible answers, and judging them based on the children’s own standards.               

1. An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom _________.

A. to find out kids’ creative ideas                B. to discuss with the teacher

C. to give children lectures                         D. to help kids with their program

2. Who is the designer of the program?

A. An official.                                        B. An architect.

C. A teacher.                                          D. A scientist.

【解題思路分析】

1. 選D。根據第2段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations 可知答案為D。句中的 aid 意為“幫助”，與help同義。

2. 選C。根據第2段中的 …the teacher who developed this program 可知答案選C。develop與design 在此大致同義。

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