高考英語典型易錯陷阱題詳解

請看這道題：

_________ with the right knowledge can give first aid.

A. Who                    B. Whoever             C. Anyone               D. Who ever

【分析】此題容易誤選B，主要受以下這類句子的影響而形成思維定勢：

Whoever says that is lying. 誰那樣說，誰就是在說謊。

Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 違反本法者應予以罰款。

Whoever comes first can get a ticket free. 誰先來誰就可以免費得到一張票。

以上各例中的 whoever 引導的均為主語從句，它們均可換成 anyone who，但不能換成 anyone。上面的試題從表面上看，與以上各例很相似，其實有本質的不同，即 _________ with the right knowledge 中沒有謂語動詞，所以我們不能選 whoever。此題的正確答案為C，anyone 為句子主語，with the right knowledge 為修飾 anyone 的定語。請做以下試題：

(1) _________ with a good education can apply for the job.

A. Who                    B. Whoever               C. Anyone                D. Who ever

(2) _________ has a good education can apply for the job.

A. Who                    B. Whoever               C. Anyone                D. Who ever

(3) _________ having a good education can apply for the job.

A. Who                    B. Whoever               C. Anyone                D. Who ever

(4) _________ seen smoking here will be fined.

A. Who                    B. Whoever               C. Anyone                D. Who ever

(5) _________ is seen smoking here will be fined.

A. Who                    B. Whoever               C. Anyone                D. Who ever

(6) _________ smoking here will be fined.

A. Who                    B. Whoever               C. Anyone                D. Who ever

(7) _________ smokes here will be fined.

A. Who                    B. Whoever               C. Anyone                D. Who ever

第(1)題選C，介詞短語with a good education 為修飾 anyone 的定語；

第(2)題選B，whoever has a good education 為主語從句；

第(3)題選C，現在分詞短語having a good education 為修飾 anyone 的定語；

第(4)題選C，過去分詞短語seen smoking here 為修飾 anyone 的定語(可視為 anyone who is seen smoking here 之省略)；

第(5)題選B，whoever is seen smoking here 為主語從句；

第(6)題選C，現在分詞短語smoking here 為修飾anyone 的定語；

第(7)題B，whoever smokes here 為主語從句。