人教必修1·第1單元·重難點詳解(21)　　

■本站特約作者  何素秀  供稿

41. have to 后面可以被動的不定式嗎?

【教材原句】

I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. (p.2)

譯文：我一直呆到非關窗不可的時候才下樓去。

【用法說明】

have to 的意思是“不得不”“必須”“非……不可”，其后通常接主動的動詞不定式。如：　　

You’d have to change buses at least twice. 你至少要換兩次車。　　

In any case, you’ll have to be at the station by nine. 無論如何你九點鐘得趕到車站。　　

But above all tell me quickly what I have to do now. 但現在首先要告訴我要去做什么。　　

We’ve missed the bus. It looks as if we’ll have to walk. 我們錯過了公共汽車，看來我們得走路了。 　　

I don’t understand their language; you’ll have to act as interpreter. 我不懂他們的語言，你得當翻譯了。　　

◆但若語義需要，后接被動的不定式也是可以的。如：　　

Poems have to be translated quite freely. 詩歌只能根據意思來靈活翻譯。　　

The cows have to be milked before daylight. 母牛在黎明前必須擠奶。　　

Following the storm, a great many houses will have to be rebuilt. 風暴過后，大量房子將需要重建。　　

Actors have to be made up before they appear on stage. 演員們在出場前必需有人給他們化妝。　　

He’s getting so fat that his trousers have to be let out round the waist. 他越來越胖，褲腰都得放寬了。　　

Some people entertain themselves by reading; others have to be entertained by the radio and television. 有些人讀書自娛，有些人則必須聽廣播和看電視消遣。　　

42. it was the first time that… 中的 that 從句用什么時態？　　

【教材原句】　　

it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. (p.2)　　

譯文：這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹的夜晚。　　

【用法說明】　　

根據英語語法習慣，it was the first time that… 中的 that 從句習慣上要用過去完成時時態。如：　　

It was the first time that I had ever driven a taxi. 這是我第一次開出租車。　　

It was the first time that I spoke in public. 這是我第一次在公共場合發言。　　

◆類似地，it is the first time that… 中的 that 從句習慣上要用現在完成時時態。如：　　

It’s the first time I’ve come here. 這是我第一次來這兒。　　

It’s the first time that he has seen an elephant. 這是他第一次見到大象。　　

Is this the first time that you have stayed here? 你到這里來，這是第一次嗎?