高考英語熱點時態命題分析

英語一共有16種時態，中學階段比較常用的有10種，但高考英語對時態的考查主要涉及四種，它們是一般過去時、過去進行時、現在完成時、過去完成時。去年全國18套高考英語試卷共涉及時態考點21道題，但其中有19題考的是上面提到的四種時態，約占整個時態考點的90%。由此可見這四種時態不僅重要，而且很“熱”。

一、一般過去時考點的命題特點

1. 利用插入成分考查一般過去時的用法

As the years passed, many occasions—birthdays, awards, graduations — ______ with Dad’s flowers. (湖南卷)

A. are marked          B. were marked          C. have marked         D. had marked

【解析】B。由于句中增加了插入成分birthdays, awards, graduations，使得句子的主語與謂語were marked分離，從而增加了考生對句子理解的難度。根據句意，空格處應填被動語態；再根據句中的passed的時態特點可知，空格處也應用一般過去時，故選B。

2. 利用標志性時間狀語考查一般過去時的用法

I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ______ there several years ago. (全國I)

A. are going             B. had been                 C. went                   D. have been

【解析】C。根據句末的過去時間狀語several years ago可知，此處應用一般過去時。

3. 利用語境背景考查一般過去時的用法

(1)When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where ______? (重慶卷)

A. did you go            B. have you gone         C. were you           D. had you been

【解析】C。句子的前半部分說上午打電話時沒有人接電話，而后半部分問對方當時在什么地方，顯然，句子前后兩部分的時間應一致，即用一般過去時。

(2)—Ouch! You hurt me!

—I am sorry. But I ______ any harm. I ______ to drive a rat out. (江西卷)

A. didn’t mean; tried                                   B. don’t mean; am trying

C. haven’t meant; tried                                D. didn’t mean; was trying

【解析】D。第一空填一般過去時，指對前面發生的情況作出解釋；第二空填過去進行時，指過去正進行的動作。答語的意思是：對不起。但我不是有意要弄傷你，我是在把一只老鼠趕出去。

4. 利用主句過去時謂語考查從句過去時的用法

(1)The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. (全國I)

A. sold                     B. had been sold          C. were sold                D. would sell

【解析】C。根據前面的過去式謂語were可知，后面也要用一般過去時；再根據“花”與“賣”的關系可知，此處要用被動語態，故選C。

(2)The play had already been on for quite some time when we ______ at the New Theatre. (浙江卷)

A. have arrived          B. arrived                   C. had arrived              D. arrive

【解析】B。由于句中的had already been用的是過去完成時，而根據句意，arrive顯然應發生在其后，故要用一般過去時。全句意為：當我們到達新劇院時，戲已經演了好一會兒了。

二、過去進行時的命題特點

綜觀所有的過去進行時考題，它們無一例外地有個共同特點，就是考查在特定語境背景下某一動作正在進行的情形。請看實例：

(1)—It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.

—Oh, don’t mention it. I ______ past your house anyway. (北京卷)

A. was coming           B. will come               C. had come               D. have come

【解析】A。根據前面一句中的was可知，搭車的事發生在過去，所以“我開車要經過你的家門口”也發生在過去，因此可排除B和D。而在剩下的A和C中，不能選C，是因為C為過去完成時，表示“過去的過去”，與句意不符。

(2)—I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.

—Impossible. She ______ TV with me in my home then. (福建卷)

A. watched                B. had watched           C. would watch           D. was watching

【解析】D。表示過去正在進行的動作，用過去進行時。第二句的意思是：不可能。她當時與我一起在我家看電視。

(3)—Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.

—Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ______ of my friends back home. (全國II)

A. have just thought                                    B. was just thinking

C. would just think                                      D. will just be thinking

【解析】B。指剛剛在想念老家的朋友，故用過去進行時。

(4)—Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

—No, sir. I ______ a newspaper. (四川卷)

A. read                      B. was reading              C. would read              D. am reading

【解析】B。由于我剛才“正在看報”(was reading a newspaper)，所以沒有看到有人經過。根據語境，顯然只有B最佳。

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